Correspondence to Author: Délio Tiago Martins Malaquias ^1,3, Douglas Hipolito Carvalho², ; Pedro Henrique Lutfi e Silva¹³, Juliana Fontes Beltran Paschoal^1,4, Giovana Casarini Yamashiro², Gabriel Urquiza Carvalho², José Carlos Ferreira da Silva¹, Rafaela Gonçalves Bueno¹, Enzo Maruzzo Marques⁵, Hamilton Roberto Moreira de Oliveira Carriço⁶, Rubens Rodrigues Tudela⁷, Alan Souza Santos⁸,Liliana Martins Occulate⁹, Lucas Pereira Sales Porto¹⁰, Joel Eloi Belo Junior¹¹, Thiago Augusto Rochetti Bezerra ¹². 

1. Medical student, University of Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil.
2. Medical student, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.
3. Physiotherapist graduated from the University of Mogi das Cruzes, SP; Postgraduate in Hospital Physiotherapy (EBMSP), Salvador - BA;
Postgraduate in Respiratory Physiotherapy and Intensive Care in Pediatrics and Neonatology (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
4. PhD in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
5. Medical student, Centro Universitário São José - HUMANITAS, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
6. Medical student, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
7. Medical student, Universidade São Judas, Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil.
8. Nursing undergraduate student, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Campus Irecê, Bahia, Brazil.
9. Medical student, Universidad Central del Paraguay, Paraguay .
10. Scholar in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
11. Major Aviator of the Brazilian Air Force; Master’s Degree in Human Operational Performance; Master’s Degree in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation.
12. PhD in Medical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
13. Medical student, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil

DOI: 10.52338/wjsurgy.2025.4938

Abstract:

Bariatric surgery has been consolidated as an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of severe obesity and its metabolic comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. This study aimed to describe the main historical milestones of bariatric surgery, investigate the technological advances that made the transition from open to laparoscopic approaches possible, evaluate the metabolic effects of the procedure, identify the interdisciplinary role of health teams and analyze the current guidelines that have expanded its indications. A narrative review of the literature showed that surgical techniques have evolved significantly, with emphasis on gastric bypass and vertical gastrectomy, which show remission rates of DM2 of over 60%. The advent of laparoscopy and robotic platforms has reduced hospital stays and post-operative complications. In addition, the fundamental role of doctors, nurses and physiotherapists in the comprehensive monitoring of patients stands out. The most recent guidelines have broadened the indication criteria to include patients with a BMI between 30 and 35 kg/m² and refractory metabolic diseases. In conclusion, bariatric surgery is a safe, effective and multidimensional intervention whose success depends on the integration of technical advances and an interdisciplinary approach.

Keywords:Bariatric Surgery; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Hypertension; Interdisciplinary Team; Laparoscopy; Metabolic Surgery

Citation:

Dr. Thiago Augusto Rochetti Bezerra, Prevention Of Postoperative Atelectasis In Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: The Role Of Doctors, Physiotherapists And Nurses. World Journal of Clinical Surgery 2025.